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To execute a block of code several number of times you would need Control structures. Groovy supports the usual 

• Conditional statements: if-else, "nested" if then else if, switch, try-catch-finally
• Looping statements: for, for -eachin, while loop, do while loop
• Branching statements: break, continue, return

Conditional statements

Conditional statements execute a set of statements only if the condition is true

if

The if executes the statements if the condition is true.The notable specialty of if in Groovy: it plays well with the optional return statement. If your last expression of a method or closure is an if statement, then it is evaluated like an expression.

//Simple if
if(..x==2){
  (...)false
}

//Simple if else
if(..x == 2){
  x = x + (...)2
}
else{
  x = x - (...)2
}

//Nested if
if (...x) {
    x = x + ...1
} else if (...y) {
    ...y = y + 1
} else {
    0
}

//Assign and test in nested expression
if ((x = 3)) {
 return true
}

//Optional return statement
def sysName = "Windows"
if (sysName...
}contains("Windows"))
 "We're on Windows."
 else
 "Oh, well we are on Mac"

Switch statement -  

The switch statement executes one statement from multiple conditions. It is like if-else-if ladder statement. The switch statement in Groovy can handle any kind of switch value and different kinds of matching can be performed.

def xa = 1.23
def resultlog = ""

switch ( x a) {
 case 0 : log case+= "foo0": //|#1 fall
 case 1 : log  result += "found foo1"         // lets fall|#1 through
 case 2 : log case+= "bar2":; break
 default : log += 'default'
}
resultlog +== "bar"

    case [4, 5, 6, 'inList']:
        result = "list"
        break
	default:
        result = "default"
}

In Groovy it is backward compatible with Java code, one difference though is that the Groovy switch statement can handle any kind of switch value and different kinds of matching can be performed.

...

12"

try-catch-finally

Exception handling is required in any programming language to handle the runtime errors so that normal flow of the application can be maintained. You can specify a complete try-catch-finally sequence of blocks, or just try-catch, or just try-finally to handle them. Braces are required around the block bodies whether or not they contain more than one statement.

def myMethod() {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException()
}
def log = []
try {
 myMethod()
} catch (Exception e) {
 log << e.toString()
} finally {
 log << "finally"
}
log.size() == 2 

Looping statements

Looping repeats the execution of a block of code multiple times. The loops available in Groovy are covered below.

while loop

In a while loop the boolean test is evaluated, and if it's true, the body of the loop is then executed.

def list = [1, 2, 3]
while (list){
  list.remove(0)
}
list

Note: There is no do-while loop in Groovy

for/for-in loop

for / for-in loop is used to iterate a part of the program several times. If the number of iteration is fixed, it is recommended to use for loop. In Groovy the for loop is much simpler and works with any kind of array, collection, Map, etc.

// Normal for loop
  for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    i;
  }

// iterate over a range
def x = 0
for ( i in 0..9 ) {
    x += i
}
x == 45

// iterate over an array
def array = (0..4).toArray()
x = 0
for ( i in array ) {
    x += i
}
x == 10

//iterate over a list
def x = 0
def list = [10,12,13,14]; 
  for(j in list){
    x += j;
}
x == 49
 
//iterate over a map
def x = 0
  def customers = [
    0 : "David",
    1 : "Elle",
    2 : "Peaches"
  ];

for(cust in customers){
    x += cust.key
  }
x ==  3

//iterate over values of a Map
def x = ""
  def customers = [
    0 : "David",
    1 : "Elle",
    2 : "Peaches"
  ];

for(cust in customers){
    x += cust.value
  	x += ","
  }
x == "David,Elle,Peaches"

// iterate over the characters in a string
def text = "abc"
def list = []
for (c in text) {
    list.add(c)
}
list == ["a", "b", "c"]

Branching statements

Break statementfor each - 

The break statement is used to alter the flow of control inside loops and switch statements, explained above.

Continue statement

The continue statement complements the break statement. Its use is restricted to while and for loops, explained above.

Return statement

The last line of a method in Groovy is automatically the return statement. For this reason, an explicit return statement can be left out.